Perception of users towards the impact of modernisation on vernacular housing in Iran

Abstract

Modernisation is a perpetual phenomenon that offers more resources but the effect is often abrupt in vernacular areas, where traditionally life moves at a slower pace. Recently, it is evidenced that vernacular houses are facing changes, and the subjective phenomena of acceptance and adaptability are crucial to determine whether modern knowledge in the residents’ perception should be integrated, rejected or gradually accepted as a lifestyle. Very few studies focussed on vernacular houses, particularly on construction materials and technologies in the villages of Northern Iran. The research investigated whether modernisation with respect to construction material and technology leads to sustain vernacularity in a particular context. The objectives were generated to demonstrate technologies and material of past and present typologies, evaluate the typologies on the basis of five core elements, namely, foundation, floor, wall, roof, and attachments, under three tangible (durability, cost, time), and five intangible (harmony, continuity, friendliness, aesthetics, and energy) criteria, and investigate the level of acceptability and adaptability of these elements based on the residents’ perception. Three past typologies, namely, 'Kali', 'Lar deh ee' and Mud house, and three present typologies, namely, load bearing wall, concrete and steel structure were identified through a field survey. A total of 167 residents of villages were selected through conditional random sampling to evaluate the elements of these typologies for eight criteria through questionnaire survey. Eighteen experts selected through purposeful random sampling participated in a semi-structured interview to investigate the level of acceptability and adaptability of these elements. It was found that vernacular architecture could be the sources of modern architecture as far as sustainability is concerned. In the study, occupants have a propensity to adapt themselves against new environmental condition toward comfortability. Awareness of strategic components, rather than a particular typology holistically is the key to help users make decisions on acceptance, rejection, or adaptation for continued smooth transitions in their lifestyle. Based on the findings, it is the duty of local experts to keep locals aware of the overall sustainable issues, and help them choose from a wide range of possible materials offered through unlimited or uncensored globalisation. This would help villagers progress with modernisation in their own contextual way while maintaining a smooth continuity.