Characterization of antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiaging properties of alpha-mangostin from mangosteen pericarp (garcinia mangostana linn.)

Abstract

In recent years, public interest on skincare cosmetics has shifted from synthetic to natural product due to adverse reactions of synthetic skincare cosmetics. In present study, α-mangostin from pericarp extract of Garcinia Mangostana Linn was evaluated for its in vitro antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-aging properties. Determination of total antioxidant capacity was carried out by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging activity and ABTS (2,2-azino-bis (3- ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid)) assay. The antimicrobial activity was assessed using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test against: three selected bacteria strains Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus), Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa); and two fungi strains Trichophyton rubrum (T. rubrum) and Trichophyton mentagrophytes (T. mentagrophytes). Meanwhile, Bromide MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- Diphenyltetrazolium) assay, collagen estimation assay and anti-collagenase assay were carried out to investigate the in vitro anti-aging effect of α-mangostin on human skin fibroblast cells. The α-mangostin exhibited high anti-oxidant capacity with IC50 (Half maximal inhibitory concentration) value of 0.0288 mg and 0.4637 mg, using ABTS assay and DPPH assay, respectively. The MIC values against test bacteria ranged between 0.156 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml whereas against fungi, MIC ranged from 2.5 mg/ml to 10 mg/ml. The following is the order of antimicrobial efficiency of α- mangostin on selected test microbes: S. aureus > P. acnes > T. rubrum > P. aeruginosa > T. mentagrophytes. Meanwhile, α-mangostin significantly restored the synthesis of pro-collagen on UVB (Ultraviolet B) irradiated human skin fibroblast in a dose dependent manner. The collagen content was increased by 3-fold upon treatment of 2 μg/ml α-mangostin. Extract of α-mangostin also showed good inhibitory effect on collagenase at 89.89 ±1.52%. Based on the outcomes, the recommended α-mangostin concentration to be formulated in cosmetic product is ranged from 1-2 μg/ml.