Short-term congestion management by strategic application of FACTS devices and demand response programs under contingency conditions

Abstract

This paper explores the use of combination of flexible alternating current transmission system (FACTS) devices, demand response (DR) programs, and generation redispatch (GR) in short-term congestion management as well as minimization of operation costs under contingency conditions in power systems. To achieve this, a multi-stage market clearing procedure is formulated. At the first stage, the market is cleared based on generation cost minimization, without considering network constraints. Market clearing formulation for the second stage is developed considering congestion and generation costs, in which FACTS device (Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor) and DR programs (Direct Load Control besides Time-Of-Use) are optimally coordinated with GR in the presence of network constrains, to manage the congestion at minimum costs. In addition, to make conditions more realistic, the operational conditions spanning for a year (four seasons, day by day) are considered in this study. Finally, the paper prioritizes utilizing these approaches for different contingencies. The proposed formulation is verified on IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus test systems with supporting numerical and graphical results. Results show that applying GR with DR programs is the prioritized strategy in relieving congestion and reducing generation costs in the outage of the most sensitive lines contingency.