Framework for greenhouse gas accounting towards green port

Abstract

Several ports worldwide have been implementing green port initiatives such as switching to shore power or renewable energy to replace fossil fuel usage, control vessel speed reduction in order to meet Emissions Reduction Standard target. As for Malaysia, the Johor Port Association (JPA) has launched a Green Port Policy (2014-2020) that serves as a guide for decision making and establishing a framework for environmentally friendly port development and operation. However, this policy is lacking of empirical analysis to illustrate port's environmental sustainability performance. Due to this limitation, weak performing indicator is also difficult to identify for improvement of the port performance. This study discusses a comprehensive and systematic green port framework to evaluate an environmental performance that would be able to highlight the potential improvement for the port.