Computer simulation as an alternative approach in climatically responsive urban configuration study

Abstract

Urban microclimate is a significant parameter to urban climatology, as it forms urban heat island, thermal comfort, and energy demand. Studies on the climatically responsive urban configuration commonly conducted through the empirical and physical modelling approach. However, in this context recently, computer simulation as numerical modelling approach has been broadly applied by scholars. Besides overcoming the limitation of time, spaces and cost, computer simulation offers an effective solution to perform hypothetical studies. As a new approach over empirical and physical modelling approach, scholars frequently perform a comparison of both computer simulation and field observation approach. It shows that even though the computer simulation has been commonly used, but the validation is still questioned. This paper presents not only the comparison of computer simulation with observation data but also empirical model equations. The hypothetical urban configurations situated in Kuala Lumpur City were simulated by using ENVI-met V. 3.1 microclimatic model. Two empirical model equations of maximum urban heat island developed by Oke were used to compare with computer simulation. A 24-h air temperature data is presented for the simulation and field observation comparison. The results indicate the significant correlation between the two comparisons. This study verifies and strengthens the validation of the computer simulation as a reliable approach in urban configuration and microclimate studies.