Recent progress on hybrid nanofluids in heat transfer applications: a comprehensive review

Abstract

Hybrid nano fluids are potential fluids that offer better heat transfer performance and thermo physical properties than convectional heat transfer fl uids (oil, water and ethylene glycol) and nano fluids with single nanoparticles. Hybrid nano fluid is a new nanotechnology fl uid that is synthesized by dispersing two different nanoparticles into conventional heat transfer fluid. Recently, researchers have indicated that hybrid nano fluids can effectively substitute the convectional coolant especially those working at very high temperatures. In this paper a comprehensive literature on synthesis of hybrid nanoparticles, hybrid nano fluid and thermophysical properties of hybrid nano fl uids have been compiled and reviewed. Finally, the challenges and future trends in the application of hybrid nano fluids in heat transfer applications are discussed.