Kinetic study of solid to solvent ratio and duration of bath and probe sonication to yield and phenolic content of phaleria macrocarpa fruit extract

Abstract

Utilization of herbal plant extract in pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and cosmeceutical industry has increase drastically over the years. Phaleria macrocarpa or locally known as Mahkota Dewa is normally added into food products for its nutritional benefits. The extraction method to preserve the phytochemical properties of herbal extract was a crucially selected. Two extraction method using bath and probe sonic ation was chosen and the effect of the extraction method to the total yield and total phenolic content was determined. The extractions parameters of solid to solvent ratio between 1:10 – 50% and duration of sonication between 2 - 6 minutes were monitored. For yield extraction, it was found that the best solid to solvent ratio was at 1:50% in 6 - minute duration for both extraction methods. Probesonicate showed higher percentage yield of 21.02% compared to bath sonicate of 10.54%. While, it was found that the solid to solvent ratio at 1:30% and the sonication duration at 3 minutes produced highest total phenolic content was for both extraction methods. By using above parameters, the total phenolic content of ultrasonic probe was higher compared to ultrasonic bath which is 88.71 mg GAE/g and 39.46 mg GAE/g respectively. Based on the findings, the best extraction method for higher yield of extract and total phenolic content was by using probe sonication.