Prinsip-prinsip pembinaan rumah adat Minangkabau

Abstract

This thesis attempts to study the principles used in the building of the rumah adat Minangkabau. In this context, the rumah adat Minangkabau is generally recognized as an already aging cultural manifestation, whose construction process may soon be lost. This study uses the qualitative method. The custom leaders and the traditional architects (tukang tuo) were interviewed and the Minangkabau literature (tambo) was also examined. Field studies of the rumah adat was undertaken in the Darek areas which covers the three luhak; luhuk Tanah Data, luhak Agam and luhak Limo Puluah Koto and rantau Solok. The study began from Pariangan, the place where the Minangkabau people came from. There are still thirty two mmuh adat in this area and all were investigated. Outside Pariangan, samples of the rumah udat in the three luhak and rantau were studied. For each building, the spatial function, the building elements and constructional process was examined. The study was able to elucidate various practices and building elements that may be regarded as principles. The building process began as a discussion at the community level. The site must belong to the community and is located in the kampong. A rumah adat has a minimum number of four gonjong. The steps for the stair case are odd numbers. Every house has a tonggak tuo. The unit of measurement used for the adut house is the hasta, based on the length from the elbow to the top of the middle finger of the mother of the owner of the rumat adat. The construction of the rumah adat is managed by mamuk tungganai and tukang tuo. Heavy construction work is undertaken collectively by the village which traditionally consists of one suku (tribe) with the help of other sukus in the nagari through the process of gotong royong. The principles discussed above are considered not changeable and are referred to as adat babuhua muti.