Pengekstrakan Swietenia mahagoni menggunakan karbon dioksida lampau genting dan potensi ekstrak sebagai penyembuh luka

Abstract

Swietenia mahagoni (S. mahagoni) or commonly known in Malaysia as Tunjuk Langit has been used in traditional medicine for treatment of diseases. The objectives of this research are to determine conditions (pressure, temperature, and particle size) for extraction of linoleic acid from S. mahagoni seed extract by using super critical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction and to investigate wound healing properties of S. mahagoni seed extract using an in vitro model. Three operating parameters of SC-CO2 were optimized by response surface method using Box-Behnken design to obtain high yield of S. mahagoni seed extract. Its antioxidant activity was assessed by using 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrilhydrazyl (DPPH) free radicalscavenging method, while the antimicrobial activity was evaluated using disc diffusion method. The presence of linoleic acid in S. mahagoni extract was verified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the toxicity,scratch assay, transwell assay and collagen production were conducted to investigate the wound healing properties. The results obtained in this study showed that the optimal conditions for S. mahagoni seed yield within the experimental range were found to be 29.02 MPa, 57.88 oC and 0.75 mm, while the predicted yield was found to be 20.68% with 34.91% of linoleic acid. Under these optimal conditions, the experimental values were in agreement with the predicted values. Soxhlet extraction of S. mahagoni seed with the highest yield was 41.08% ± 0.98 and antioxidant activity was 90.14% ± 0.66. Meanwhile, the yield of SC-CO2 extraction was 20.07%± 0.48 and the antioxidant activity was 92.31% ± 2.89. S. mahagoni seed extracts had inhibitory effects on the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli at the concentration of 100 mg/mL. All extracts stimulated the growth of the fibroblast cell at 0.1 - 0.001 mg/mL, induced the migration rate up to100% and exhibited statistically significant performance compared to control (p <0.05). The effect of the SC-CO2 extract of S. mahagoni seed on the cell migration fibroblast cell increased significantly when compared to the negative control and it was found to stimulate the synthesis of collagen type I.