In vitro lipid activity of eurycoma longifolia jack extracts loaded liposome

Abstract

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (ELJ) is an alternative medicine that could be used to treat obesity problem due to testosterone hormone enhancer capabilities, which enable enhancement of carbohydrate, fat and protein metabolism. However, its effect is slower than synthetic drug, because of low bio availability problem. Liposome could be used as vehicle to enhance bio availability. Cytotoxicity study was conducted and 100 μg/ml of ELJ extract was determined as safe dosage for 3T3-L1preadipocyte cells. Exposure of the ELJ extracts (100 μg/ml) on adipocyte cells for 5hours showed the highest Free Fatty Acid (FFA) release similar to positive control with no significant different (p>0.05). Formulation of ELJ loaded liposome was optimized using Central Composite Design (CCD) of Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Lecithin (LC) and cholesterol (CH) were the independent variables and ζ-potential and encapsulation efficiency (EE) of ELJ extracts were the dependent variables. Production of liposome caused ζ-potential to become more negative, after LC concentration was increased from 1.41% to 2.59%, while CH did not give much effect. Furthermore, concentrations of LC and CH at 2.0% and 0.6%depicted optimum EE. Optimization producing a ζ-potential value of -58.5 mV and EE of 55.0% when LC and CH concentration at 1.97% (w/v) and 0.61% (w/v)respectively. Independent experiment validated the optimization by identifying the mean of differences and standard error between the predicted and actual data at 4.39mV and 3.42 for ζ-potential and 6.57% and 5.00 for EE respectively which had not significant different (p>0.05) from predicted value. ELJ loaded liposome exposed toadipocyte cells showed highest increment by 1.5 fold more FFA release compared to ELJ extracts at concentration 10 μg/ml at 5 hours of incubation. Time dependent analysis using 10 μg/ml ELJ loaded liposome identified 4 hours as the optimum incubation time generated 122.83 μM FFA release, 1.22 fold more than ELJ extract.From this study, it could be suggested that encapsulation of ELJ extracts in liposome may increase the lipolysis of fat and bio availability in human.