Studies to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators, carbon sources and media modification on in Vutro seed germination and callogenesis in tomato

Abstract

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is a major vegetable crop that has achieved tremendous popularity over the last century. However, its production faced many problems like diseases, therefore, establishing a good protocol to improve the quantity and the quality of the crops is a prerequisite nowadays. Moreover, tissue culture has provided rapid modes to develop desirable varieties of cultivated plant species. In this study, in vitro culture response was assessed in tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. c.v. King Stone) for in vitro germination and optimum callus induction. The highest germination frequency (84.44%) was obtained on MS media (maltose as carbon source). In addition, to optimize an efficient protocol for callus induction, MS medium were supplemented with different source of carbon (sucrose and maltose) and different concentration of 2,4-D (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1) mg/l in combination with BAP 1.5 mg/l and GA3 0.5 mg/l. In cotyledon explants the highest response of callus induction frequency (81.25%) and callus induction rate (3.25) were in MS media, which was supplemented with sucrose as carbon source and plant growth regulators 2,4-D 0 mg/l, BAP 1.5 mg/l and GA3 0.5 mg/l (T1). while the maximum callus induction frequency (100%), callus induction rate (4.54) and explant productivity (17.32%) were obtained from hypocotyl explants which cultured on MS media in T1. In conclusion, maximum in vitro seed germination was observed on MS medium supplemented with maltose. While sucrose shows a significant role in callus induction. Callus induction was observed in both hypocotyl and cotyledon explants. Hypocotyls showed to be better explants for callogenesis. Maximum callogenesis was noted on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (0 mg/l), BAP (1.5 mg/l), GA3 (0.5 mg/l).