Phytochemicals and biological activities of artocarpus fulvicortex jarrett

Abstract

Phytochemical studies of the leaves and barks of Artocarpus fulvicortex Jarrett have been carried out. Cold extraction method was applied to obtain the crude extracts. Twelve compounds, comprising of chalcones, flavones, and triterpenes were successfully isolated from this plant. The structures of these pure compounds were determined on the basis of spectral studies including nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared, ultraviolet spectroscopies, mass spectrometry as well as by comparison with literature data. Multiple purification of the leaves crude extracts yielded a new flavonoid, identified as 5-hydroxy-2",2"-dimethylpyrano- [5",6",11",12":6,7,3',4'] flavone together with known compounds i.e. carpachromene, cycloartocarpesin, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'-trimethoxychalcone, norartocarpetin, friedelin, lupeol, and ß-sitosterol. Five known compounds, characterized as artobiloxanthone, artonin E, catechin, lupeol 3-acetate, and friedelin were isolated from the barks crude extracts. Evaluations on biological activities were performed by using antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic assays on the pure compounds. Artobiloxanthone and artonin E were found to have antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis with MIC values in the range of 62.5-250 µg/mL, while MBC values were at 125-500 µg/mL. Catechin and artonin E showed high ability to act as free radical scavenger with SC50 values of 19.4 µg/mL and 38.2 µg/mL respectively. The cytotoxic activity was done by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2-5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on esophagus cancer (TE-1), lung cancer (A549), breast cancer (MCF-7), cervix cancer (C33A), and colon cancer (CaCO2) cell lines. Artonin E displayed significant effect against esophagus cancer (TE-1) and colon cancer (CaCO2) cell lines with the percentage of cell survival of 24.72% and 47.29% at 11 µg/mL. Carpachromene, cycloartocarpesin, 2'-hydroxy-4,4',6'- trimethoxychalcone, friedelin, and lupeol showed moderate activity against colon cancer (CaCO2) cell line with percentage of cell survival of 52 to 70%.