A novel idea of using soliton in fiber bragg grating

Abstract

With the rapid development in sensing and optical telecommunication, fiber optic plays an important role in transmission systems as a low-loss and wide-bandwidth medium. In this study, three fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) are fabricated using conventional method known as the phase mask technique. Bragg’s wavelength of 1551.09 nm, 1551.29 nm and 1551.66 nm and reflectivities values of 30.18%, 78.12% and 44.73% respectively are obtained. For soliton writing, the equations based on the coupled mode theory have been derived. A Matlab coding has been developed in order to solve some of these equations. The simulation of potential energy distribution throughout the grating is examined by varying the value of nonlinear parameters of a, P, Y, and a new element known as 0 is added in the equations. The results show that the nonlinear parameters affect the motion of photon in the FBG and under certain condition, it is possible to trap the photon and hence obtain the optical soliton. The fabrication results show that the FBG with reflectivity of 78.12% can be classified as good FBG compared to the other two FBGs. The simulation studies show that amongst those nonlinear parameters, a significantly affects the potential well due to its ability of this parameter in order of photon trapping. This study thus shows that is plausible to use soliton for FBG writing and the properties of soliton for such purpose can be controlled by manipulating a, P Y and 0.