A comprehensive review of biomaterials and its characteristic for bone tissue engineering scaffold.

Abstract

The engineering of bone tissue has emerged as a promising method for the restoration and regeneration of damaged or diseased bone tissue. Bone tissue engineering relies heavily on scaffold materials, which provide a three-dimensional structure that directs cell behaviour and promotes tissue growth. However, the success of bone scaffold applications is contingent on the selection of suitable biomaterials and testing methods to assure their safety and efficacy. This review provides an exhaustive summary of biomaterials and testing methodologies for bone tissue engineering scaffold applications. The review examines the characteristics of metal-based, polymer-based, ceramic-based, composite, as well as nanomaterials that are utilised in bone scaffold applications. In addition, it discusses the properties of the scaffold materials in term of mechanical and biocompatibility properties. The review also includes an examination of the biodegradability properties of scaffolds. This exhaustive review will provide researchers, engineers, and clinicians with valuable insights into the selection and testing of biomaterials for bone scaffold applications, thereby facilitating the development of safe and effective bone tissue engineering therapies.