Intelligent real-time feedback for transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) robotic arm.

Abstract

According to the World Health Organization, one of the leading causes of sudden death in Malaysia is cardiovascular disease. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an ultrasound imaging technique used in conjunction with radiated fluoroscopy to examine the heart during interventional cardiology procedures, usually in a catheterization laboratory. Ionizing radiation exposure and musculoskeletal disorders were caused by the continuous use of TEE in catheterization laboratories. TEERO, a telemedical robot system for controlling the transducer probe in transesophageal echocardiography, was designed to allow users to control TEE probes from a radiation-free area, thereby avoiding radiation exposure. In this study, a one degree of freedom ARM will be designed and fabricated for TEERO, providing intelligent feedback and a more stable insertion mechanism with an emphasis on insertion distances ranging from 8cm to 33cm to improve TEERO. In the TEE procedure, the first step toward remote surgery in the field of healthcare in Malaysia will be the addition of an initial computer vision algorithm that will provide safety features for the patients. Additionally, in order to improve the operation's safety, the focus is on determining the distance that the arm and gripper move in real-time image processing. Not only that, but it also provides an alert in the event of a sudden fall of the robotic arm. Finally, develop a testing methodology and keep a record of the statistics that demonstrate the improvement from remote surgery to automated surgery.