War psychology: The global carbon emissions impact of the Ukraine-Russia conflict

Abstract

The international community has created several vital frameworks to combat climate change and advance sustainable development, including the Paris Agreement and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) (Fuso Nerini et al., 2019). To keep the global temperature rise this century well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase even further to 1.5°C, the Paris Agreement was adopted in 2015 as a legally binding agreement under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Rogelj et al., 2016). In contrast, the UN established the SDGs in 2015 as a worldwide call to action to eradicate poverty, safeguard the planet, and guarantee that all people live in peace and prosperity by 2030 (Caetano et al., 2020).