A review on biohydrogen production through photo-fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass

Abstract

Photo-fermentation biohydrogen production is an eye-catching and environmentally friendly route that can be excellently performed at ambient conditions. Nevertheless, light conversion efficacy and photo-fermentation hydrogen production performance are still low, and hence, numerous approaches are explored to enhance biohydrogen production. This review is intended at describing comprehensive characteristics and general mechanism of photo-fermentation biohydrogen production and highlights the advantages of this approach over other methods. Moreover, various pretreatment procedures of potential lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks for enhanced photo-fermentation biohydrogen production including physical, chemical, physical-chemical, and biological methods were elaborated thoroughly. Several crucial factors affecting photo-fermentation biohydrogen production such as the impact of pH, mixing, stirring, and lighting conditions, substrate concentration, different pretreatment conditions, and diverse fermentation modes were also discussed comprehensively. This aims to emphasize the recent advances in this field for further enhancement of biohydrogen production via photo-fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass. Additionally, the major challenge and prospects are also included to uncover the unexplored criteria of an effective and greener photo-fermentation biohydrogen production.