Recent progress on the remediation of dyes in wastewater using cellulose-based adsorbents.

Abstract

The increasing rise of hazardous dye (toxic and carcinogenic) in wastewater produced by multiple industries continues to become major threats to human health and environment, providing a big problem for conventional water treatment facilities to tackle this issue. Based on their appearance and physical characteristics, dyes are classified into different categories and are used in many industries. The presence of these dyes in water effluents imposes negative impacts on humans, ecosystem, and the aquatic organisms. To overcome these problems, numerous physical, chemical, and bio-based treatment methods have been researched and reported with different level of removal efficiencies based on the limitations of each approach and experimental conditions. Featuring high performance in removal efficiency, simplicity of usage, economical, and high recyclability of the absorbents have made adsorption as one of the most effective dye remediation methods. The creation of excellent nanomaterials has sped up the revolution in most industries. Green nanomaterials sourced from plant are the most promising technology as the raw materials exist in abundance in addition to the renewable resources. Nanocellulose from plant biomass exhibits excellent characteristics of renewability, biocompatibility with large surface area and high strength. In recent years, interest in utilizing nanocellulose and its derivatives as potential green approach for the removal of wastewater pollutants has emerged drastically. The present review focuses on the cellulose-based adsorptions for dye remediations, characterization aspects, parametric influence, modelling, and mechanisms.