Phytochemical fingerprint and biological activities of three malaysian ficusdeltoidea cultivars.

Abstract

BackgroundFicus deltoidea(Moraceae), is a Malay Traditional Medicine locally known as Mas Cotek. Three varieties (angustifolia, deltoidea andkunslerii) has been indictincty used. AimsWe here aim to better understand their chemistry and bioactivities to inform future scientific and agronomic research.MethodsWe extracted and analyzed (HPTLCand HPLC-UV)samples from these varieties. The in vitroscreening includedthe scavenging ofDPPH and NO radicals, activity upon tyrosinase and cytotoxicity against three human prostate cancer cells (PC3, DU145 and LNCaP)using the sulforhodamine B proliferation assay and the MTT mitochondrial viability assay.ResultsWe showthat vitexin, orientin and isoorientin may act as intraspecific and interorgan phytomarkers The biological activities of the extracts point out to the antioxidant value of extracts from the deltoideaand kunsleriivarieties whilst the inhibition of tyrosinase is only present in the rootsextract of the var. deltoidea which is also endowed with cytotoxic activity against prostate cancer cells.ConclusionWe suggest that the three Malaysian Ficus deltoideabotanical varieties (angustifolia, deltoideaand kunslerii) can be considered chemovars. The most active extract was from the roots of var. deltoideathat showsantioxidant, antimelanogenic and cytotoxic potential.