Application of Cattaneo heat flux to Maxwell hybrid nanofluid model: a numerical approach

Abstract

In this modern age of fluid technology, hybrid nanofluids have piqued researchers’ attention owing to their thermal characteristics and potential for boosting heat transfer rates more effectively than nanofluids. This paper aims to show the significant effects of hybrid nanoparticles, Friedrich shear stress, and Cattaneo heat flux on heat transfer and flow characteristics of Maxwell hybrid nanofluid. Further, the additional effects of magnetic field and Ohmic heating increase the novelty of the research. An implicit finite difference approach with Caputo fractional derivative is successfully employed to offer numerical solutions for the fractional Maxwell model.