Systematic optimisation framework for a sustainable multi-owner palm oil-based complex

Abstract

In Malaysia, palm oil mill (POM) retrofit towards pollution control is vital to receive mandatory certification. Resource, waste, energy and water integrations could be performed between POM, palm oil refinery (POR) and conventional heat and power plant (CHP) under different owners to form a sustainable integrated palm oil-based complex (POBC). A cooperative game context is applied where multi-owner POM, POR and CHP act as multiple “players” in the POBC “game”. This study presents a systematic optimisation framework to design a sustainable multi-owner POBC. Firstly, five objectives related to economic, environmental and energy potentials are balanced using fuzzy optimisation approach to yield multi-objective optimal POBCs under four facility construction scenarios. Subsequently, profit-cost allocation within the multi-owner POBC is performed via an integrated cooperative game-based approach. The four fuzzy optimal POME-eliminated POBCs achieved economic potentials at 39.71 × 106- 40.84 × 106 USD/y with maximum ? (0.652). The profit-cost allocation results show economic potential improvements at 0.12 × 106- 0.46 × 106 USD/y for the multi-owner POBC facilities. POM is the major GP receiver whereas CHP benefits the most from POBC collaboration. The optimal multi-owner POBCs are economically feasible upon decision-makers' interest and robust against investment cost variations. The increment in Feed-in Tariff and biomass-based steam price reduces the economic stability of multi-owner POBC.