In situ biosynthesized silver nanoparticle-incorporated synthesized zeolite A using Orthosiphon aristatus extract for in vitro antibacterial wound healing

Abstract

The capability of synthesized zeolite A (SZ) to immobilize Ag ions (Ag-SZ) and Ag nanoparticles (AgNp-SZ) were comparatively studied. A novel approach of in situ biosynthesized AgNP-incorporated synthesized zeolite A (AgNp-SZ) was synthesized at an optimum volume of 0.4 mL of the Orthosiphon aristatus (O. aristatus) leaves plant extract (5%) using an in situ approach. In comparison, Ag-SZ was produced by loading the synthesized zeolite with Ag ions. All synthesized materials were characterized for their morphologies and physicochemical properties. The characterization analyses validate that the biosynthesized AgNP (<100 nm) using O. aristatus leaves extract was incorporated into the zeolite A. The antibacterial testing confirmed that these materials have antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. MIC/MBC analysis demonstrated that in 0.9% saline solution, AgNP-SZ had higher antibacterial activity than Ag-SZ. The in vitro cell viability and migration assays were further examined towards human skin fibroblast cells HSF 1184. Results show that the materials are not cytotoxic to HSF 1184, and the biosynthesized AgNP-SZ promotes cell migration and proliferation higher than Ag-SZ. This research proved that the biocompatible antibacterial wound healing agent of AgNP-SZ can be synthesized using an in situ approach where the reduction process of Ag ions in the zeolite A can be performed using plant extract.