Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Persicaria odorata leaf extract: antibacterial, cytocompatibility, and in vitro wound healing evaluation

Abstract

Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles (b-AgNPs) utilising plant extract has gained the interest of researchers due to the environmentally friendly and cost-effective technique. However, the extent of its application in the biomedical field remains scarce. This study evaluates the antibacterial, cytocompatibility, and wound healing activities of synthesised AgNPs using Persicaria odorata leaves extract (PO-AgNPs). The formation of PO-AgNPs was observed by visual colour changes and verified by ultraviolet-visible (UV–vis) spectrophotometer, which revealed a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) at around 440 nm, and further confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Characterisation using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed biomolecules from the leaves extract presented together on PO-AgNPs. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images revealed PO-AgNPs nanospheres with diameters of 11 ± 3 nm. Disc diffusion test (DDT) and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) analysis resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of PO-AgNPs against tested Staphylococcus epidermidis and Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). These results were further corroborated by time-kill kinetic assay which revealed that PO-AgNPs were bactericidal against both strains 24 h post-treatment. Cytocompatibility and in vitro wound healing evaluation against normal human fibroblast cells, HSF 1184 inferred that PO-AgNPs are non-toxic to normal cells and able to enhance cell migration as compared to the non-treated cells. Therefore, PO-AgNPs are biocompatible and possess antibacterial and wound healing capabilities that are useful in biomedical applications.