Determination of selected biochemical compounds and bioactivity properties of Haq juice

Abstract

Health juice is becoming popular among the locals since it can be beneficial to health. However, the safety and efficiency of health juice have been the subject of continuous argument. The present study was conducted to determine the content of bioactive compounds and bioactivities of Haq juice, which is made up of five natural ingredients namely ginger, garlic, honey, lemon and apple cider vinegar to provide value added information for commercialization and to gain consumer‘s trust. The study found allicin, the end product from garlic was detected using gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GCMS) and methylglyoxal from honey was detected using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Proteins in Haq juice were identified using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LCMS-MS) analysis. In addition, phenolics and flavonoids content in the juice were also analyzed to determine the antioxidant activity of the juice. The juice sample and its ingredient samples (ginger, garlic, honey, lemon and apple cider vinegar) were tested for their antioxidant activity based on 2,2- diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Furthermore, antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested using agar welldiffusion method. As results, the methylglyoxal in Haq juice is 7.98 ppm and proteins identified were 773 proteins, including several proteins such as peroxidase, cytochrome P450 and defensin like protein. The juice samples were comparable to the samples of its control ingredients where, the radical scavenging activity (RSA) for the juice sample was 56.05 % which is the second highest after ginger (64.28 %). While the FRAP value for the juice sample was 2.79 mM of Fe2+ similar across all samples. Plus, Haq juice contained antibacterial activities against all the bacteria tested. It is concluded that this natural health juice has high antioxidant activity and is good for inhibiting bacterial growth.