Performance comparison of grid connected photovoltaic system with energy storage system under malaysia renewable energy programs

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to analyse the feasible solution of grid-connected PV system with and without battery for a typical residential load under Malaysia renewable energy (RE) programs. To date, net-energy-metering 3.0 (NEM3.0) scheme was launched in 2021 by Malaysia government. After the end of NEM 3.0 program, it will be replaced by self-consumption (SELCO) scheme, which new former NEM 3.0 users have to find a way to address the excess PV energy. The PV project may not economically viable under combination of NEM 3.0 and SELCO scheme. So, in this project, Homer Pro software was used to simulate the study. Due to some limitation of the features in Homer Pro software, the grid-connected PV system under NEM and SELCO was simulated separately. By combining the nominal cash flow data computed by Homer under NEM and SELCO respectively, the economic assessment was performed on the data to determine the feasibility of the solution. There is a total of six types of solution proposed in this study. Unfortunately, the battery that available in 2021 market was uneconomically viable to integrate into grid-connected PV system under combination of NEM and SELCO scheme. By using the forecasted inputs from a professional and international agency, the PV system with battery under NEM and SELCO are able to achieve lower net present cost than grid-only system. Other than that, the study proposed two solutions, which keep the initial sizing without battery or resized the RE system for aiming day time load consumption during SELCO scheme. These two solutions are able to achieve lower NPC than grid-only system and the resized configuration had a slightly lower NPC than initial RE system with battery under SELCO. So, if the forecasted results become realistic in future, grid-connected PV system with battery would be the recommended option. Because it is not only achieved lower NPC than grid-only system, the CO2 emission by generating the energy was also greatly reduced. And if the forecasted results could not become realistic, resized configuration without battery may be the best option. This study may help to establish a more attractive financial return of RE program in future for promoting RE in residential sector.