Antioxidant capacity, physicochemical properties and stability of portulaca oleracea extract gel sunscreen

Abstract

The purpose this study is to develop sunscreen gel formulation with P. oleracea extract which contain natural bioactive and chemical compounds contribute to healthy skin and avoid skin to expose from dangerous UV rays. The main active compound of P. Oleracea is identified contains high levels of vitamins E, C, and beta carotene which compounds that have high antioxidant. In this study, three different formulations were carried out with different concentrations of P. oleracea extract (0.0%, 5.0% and 10.00%). All samples were analysed with DPPH assay using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH Free Radical Scavenging Activity). The free radical scavenging activities of the extracts was determined and sunscreen with contains of highest percentage of P. Oleracea (10.0%) showed higher antioxidant activity comparing to sunscreen without P. oleracea extract and with 5.0% of P. oleracea extract. This sunscreen is formulated with sensorial experience which provide high protection from UV and leave a non-sticky on the skin. Sensory analysis findings revealed sunscreen with 10.0% P. oleracea extract is the most preferred among panellists. Sunscreen gel without P. oleracea extract was the most preferred formulation on the parameters of color and aroma. The colour and aroma of the formula is mostly preferred due to the absence of P. oleracea extract which is brown in colour and the original extract have unpleasant smell. Stability test of the sample is also performed to ensure the formulation is stable for a long time. Microbial analysis has been identified for formula with P. oleracea extract 10% because it has been preferred from panellist. This is to determine total plate count and total yeast and mold which have not detected in the sample.