Recent development of natural fibre for nanocellulose extraction and application

Abstract

Natural fibers garnered fame amongst researchers and scientists due to their potential as an alternative material in countless sectors, including automotive, packaging, construction, and medicine. This work began with the classification of natural fibers and an overview of their chemical compositions. Then, the retting process, which is a process separating the fiber from the woody core, was discussed. The latest technology has attracted researchers’ attention in the alteration of natural fibers to form nanostructures. Hence, this paper will also discuss the extraction method for nanocellulose. Following that, the methods for the preparation of these cellulose nanofibers, which are nanocrystalline cellulose (CNC), nano-fibrillated cellulose (CNF), and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), are summarized. Finally, the application of this nanomaterial in advanced applications was explored, and a way forward of this nanocellulose technology was also scrutinized.